GAKA I， CONCRETE OF HETEROPHONY， for Shakuhachi， Flute， Koto and Cello（1987）

GAKA Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ and Ⅳ are a series of works from 1986 to l988 when I was devoted to explore possibilities of heterophonic style in my music. Together with my other contemporary works such as Heterophony of Two Pianos and Orchestra (1987) and the final version of Heterophony for String Quartet (1988)， the four pieces can be seen as the starting point of my subsequent heterophonic compositions. In composing the four GAKAs， I applied four distinctive types of heterophonic style.
[GAKA I]
The work is made up of melodic heterophony Four similar melodic lines derived from a hidden fundamental line intertwine with each other. Each line has melismatic ornaments and obviously reflects a characteristic of an assigned instrument. Combination of instruments also emphasizes heterogeneity in this piece. There are two pairs of instruments. Each pair consists of mixed combination of Japanese and western instruments. The wind pair includes shakuhachi and flute and the string pair koto and cello. While the instruments of each pair have almost the same range， the qualities of their sounds， textures and aesthetics are totally different. This is a quartet of unique instrumentation.